Alois Hitler

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This article is about the civil servant. For his son, see Alois Hitler Jr.

Alois Hitler (né Schicklgruber;[1] 7 June 1837 – 3 January 1903) was an Austrian civil servant in the customs service, and the father of German dictator Adolf Hitler.

Alois Hitler

Hitler in 1901

Born

Alois Schicklgruber

7 June 1837

Strones, Waldviertel, Lower Austria, Austria, German Confederation

Died

3 January 1903 (aged 65)

Gasthaus Wiesinger, Leonding, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary

Resting place

Leonding's town cemetery

Occupation

Customs officer

Spouses

Anna Glasl-Hörer

​

​(m. 1873; died 1883)​

Franziska Matzelsberger

​

​(m. 1883; died 1884)​

Klara Pölzl

​

​(m. 1885)​

Children

9, including Alois Jr., Angela, Adolf and Paula

Parents

See biological father

Maria Anna Schicklgruber

Relatives

Hitler family

Alois Schicklgruber was born out of wedlock. His mother was Maria Schicklgruber, but his biological father remains unknown. This uncertain parentage has led to claims that Alois's third wife, Klara (Adolf's mother), may have also been either Alois's first cousin once removed or his half-niece.

Alois married his first wife, Anna, in 1873. In 1876, Alois convinced the Austrian local authorities to acknowledge his deceased stepfather Johann Georg Hiedler as his biological father. This meant that Klara legally became Alois's first cousin once removed.[2] Alois then legally changed his last name to that of his deceased stepfather Johann, but the authorities misspelled the last name as "Hitler" for unknown reasons.

Also in 1876, while Alois was still married to his first wife, Anna, he hired his relative Klara as a household servant, and began an affair with her. Their relationship continued in secrecy until Alois's second wife, Franziska, died and Klara became pregnant, which prompted Alois to marry her in 1885. According to a close friend, Alois was "awfully rough" with his wife Klara and "hardly ever spoke a word to her at home". Alois treated his children with similar contempt and often beat them.[3][4]

Early life and education

Alois Hitler was born Alois Schicklgruber in the hamlet of Strones, a parish of Döllersheim in the Waldviertel of northwest Lower Austria; his mother was a 42-year-old unmarried peasant Maria Schicklgruber, whose family had lived in the area for generations. At his baptism in Döllersheim, the space for his father's name on the baptismal certificate was left blank and the priest wrote "illegitimate".[5][6][7] His mother cared for Alois in a house she shared with her elderly father, Johannes Schicklgruber.

Home of Johann Nepomuk Hiedler

Sometime later, a man named Johann Georg Hiedler moved in with the Schicklgrubers. He married Maria when Alois was five, and Maria died when Alois was nine. By the age of 10, Alois had been sent to live with Johann Georg Hiedler's younger brother, Johann Nepomuk Hiedler, who owned a farm in the nearby village of Spital (south of Weitra). Alois attended elementary school and took lessons in shoemaking from a local cobbler. Growing up in the same household with Alois was Johanna, the mother of his future wife Klara.[8]

At the age of 13, Alois left Johann Nepomuk Hiedler's farm in Spital and went to Vienna as an apprentice cobbler, working there for about five years. In response to a recruitment drive by the Austrian government offering employment in the civil service to people from rural areas, Alois joined the frontier guards (customs service) of the Austrian Finance Ministry in 1855 at the age of 18.

Uncertain identity of biological father

Historians have proposed various candidates as Alois's biological father: Johann Georg Hiedler, his younger broth